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North Carolina is a diverse land ranging from the Atlantic coast to the Appalachians. Imbued with old-school southern charm but squarely turned to the future, North Carolina has a little something for everyone. The state’s varied topography, climate and population have made it one of the fastest-growing areas in the country.

Originally settled by Native American groups including the Cherokee and Catawba, North Carolina was the site of the first successful English colony in the Americas and home to the first English child born on this continent. North Carolina was also one of the first colonies to move away from British control (Mecklenburg County declared its independence from the Crown in 1775) and scene of many key battles in the American Revolution before becoming the 12th state in 1879.

Geographically, North Carolina can be divided into three regions. The coastal plain bordering the Atlantic Ocean begins with the sandy Outer Banks and occupies nearly half the state before giving to the more elevated central Piedmont region, characterized by gently rolling countryside frequently broken by hills. Further east and higher up still lay the Appalachian Mountains and their foothills. The Black Mountains, the highest in the eastern United States, tower over this section of the state.

With elevations ranging from sea level to over 6,000 feet, North Carolina has the most climactic variation of any Southern state. While the seaboard and Piedmont regions enjoy a warm subtropical climate fairly typical of the southeastern U.S., the Appalachian regions are too far from the coast to feel much of a maritime influence. Harsher winters and hot summers are typical in this part of the state.

The Piedmont region is North Carolina’s most densely populated and urbanized area, home to major cities like Charlotte, Raleigh, Durham, Greensboro and Winston-Salem. Historically a rural state, North Carolina has been growing at a frenetic pace in recent years.

The Tar Heel’s state population has risen more than 10% since 2000, fueled by immigration from abroad and from other states. Just like its people, the state’s economy has become ever more dynamic and diverse, with the information, financial and biotechnology sectors rising to complement existing strengths in agriculture and manufacturing.