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Ranging from expansive rose-colored deserts dotted with broken mesas to towering snow-capped peaks, New Mexico is one of the most strikingly beautiful states in the nation. Best known for its varied natural attractions (like the Carlsbad Caverns or White Sands National Park), the Land of Enchantment is marked as much by its strong Spanish, Mexican, and Native American cultural influences as by its stunning landscapes.

New Mexico was first peopled by the mysterious Anasazi culture, a forerunner of the Pueblo peoples who inhabited the area when Spaniards first arrived in the mid-1500s. The two groups cohabited uneasily for the next three hundred years, an often-violent clash of cultures that anticipated later battles opposing long-established Spaniards to American homesteaders, cattle barons to sheepherders, the government to nomadic Navajo and Apache raiders. New Mexico became a U.S. territory after the Mexican-American War and grew rapidly with the arrival of the railroads and ensuing cattle boom. It was named the 47th state in 1912.

Today, Pueblo and Navajo groups make up most of the state’s Native American inhabitants, living primarily in the northwestern corner of the state. The grand majority of New Mexico’s Hispanic population resides in the North and traces its roots back to the original Spanish colonists. Both groups are integral elements of the state’s cultural life, which revolves as much around its history of cliff dwellings and adobe churches as on newer attractions like ski resorts, artist colonies and the UFO tourism in Roswell.

From the Sangre de Cristo Mountains around Santa Fe to the Zuni, San Francisco and Sacramento ranges further West and South, the vistas, vegetation and lifestyles of New Mexico are defined by its topography of extremes. Be it arid scrub desert or snowy pine forest, intense heat or blistering cold, unbroken panoramas or towering cliff walls, everything here is a function of elevation.

New Mexico’s climate is sunny and dry, with little precipitation outside of occasional spectacular summer thunderstorms. Elevation is the main factor influencing the state’s climate, and a better indicator of temperature than simple geographic orientation. The winters bring cooler temperatures than might be expected for a state at this latitude, again largely due to the state’s high mountain ranges.

Known for wide-open spaces and breathtaking natural beauty, the Land of Enchantment spans labyrinthine arroyos, jutting mesas, rolling white sand dunes and snowy peaks. Evident in Santa Fe’s celebrated adobe buildings, Taos’ thriving arts scene, and the cliff dwellings of the untamed Gila wilderness, New Mexico’s unique history, architecture and culture combine with this spectacular landscape to create an atmosphere that truly is enchanted.